JIAAP Abstracts 1999
Daftuar CN, M. S. University, Baroda
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 1-10
The paper is
like a critique of certain popular trends is psychology. It revolves
around the basic theme that this branch of science made big mistakes in
the past and as a consequence the growth of psychology as a science
could not reach the level as it should have. To grow in the future,
say, in the next century or beyond in the third millennia, psychology
will evolve on basically four foundations, namely, (i) it will seek to
correct the mistakes it has committed in the past; (ii) will seek to
evolve around new themes at more advanced levels of understanding human
minds; (iii) there are possibilities of getting into more of
spiritually oriented researches and Parapsychology may fast catch up
(in popularity and status as a science) with other branches of
psychology; and (iv) psychology will evolve as a science of humans and
their consciousness from a science of behaviour. The paper discusses
the above dimensions.
KEYWORDS:
Psychology; Research; Psychophysiology; Parapsychology; Spiritualism;
Human Experimentation; Behaviour; Space-Time Clustering; Energy
Metabolism; Emotions; Affect; Regression (Psychology); Activities of
Daily Living; Personality; Self Examination; Human; Male; Female;
Child; Adult
Influence of the ICDS on psychosocial development of rural children in southern India
Vazir S; Kashinath K., Department of field studies National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR),
Hyderabad.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 11-24
The study
examined the influence of the non-formal preschool education provided
by the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) on the psychosocial
developmental skills achieved by the beneficiaries aged 3 to 6 years of
age residing in rural areas of the three Southern Indian states. To
maintain the blind nature of the study, children from the same villages
who were found not attending the ICDS Programme when the data were
decoded were treated as controls. These children were matched for ages
and micro-environmental backgrounds during analysis. Results indicated
achievement of significantly higher motor and mental age scores by ICDS
beneficiaries at all ages (36-72 months) compared to non-ICDS controls.
Younger beneficiaries obtained motor and mental age scores comparable
to their chronological ages unlike older beneficiaries who lagged
behind by 6-7 months. Even undernourished beneficiaries (36-72 months
of age) performed significantly better and attained higher scores
compared to their well nourished counterparts among the controls. These
results underline the importance of multifaceted intervention during
preschool years. The study findings recommend the upgrading of the
preschool education programme for older children (49-72 months) who
attend the ICDS as a prelude to formal schooling.
KEYWORDS:
Educational Measurement; Child Development; Child Care; Child Welfare;
Child Nutrition; Rural Population; Social Support; Motor Skills; Mental
Processes; Socioeconomic Factors; Data Collection; Human; Male; Female;
Child, Preschool
References: 23
Job related stress, social support and trait anxiety among school teachers
Sud A; Malik AK., H. P. University, Shimla
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 25-33
In the present
study, the effect of three variable combination of job stress, social
support and trait anxiety has been studies for school teachers, by
treating trait anxiety as an independent variable. Along with many
other findings, emergence of clear correspondence between co-workers
support and provision of reassurance of worth, ensures the moderating
effect of co-worker’s support for Indian teachers. The implications of
these findings for the development of stress reducing programmes for
teachers have been putforth.
KEYWORDS:
Psychology, Education; Stress Psychological; Social Support; Anxiety;
Teaching; Workload; Staff Development; Personality; Social Environment;
Regression Analysis; Students; Salaries and Fringe Benefits
Questionnaires; Data Collection; Students/PX; Human; Male; Female;
Adult
References: 37
Good news about role stress (s)
Chattopadhyay I; Dasgupta SK., University of Calcutta, Calcutta.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 35-38
This is an
empirical verification of the common belief that married female
executives, have to juggle between different roles, so they are more
stressed and less satisfied with their jobs than their single
counterparts. 47 executives, (27 married, 20 single) of age within
20-40 years working in different private organizations in calcutta were
subjects. Efforts were made to control educational and economic status.
They were administered Pareek’s Organisational Role Stress Scale and
Warr et al’s job Satisfaction Questionnaire and responded to a brief
open-end interviews. ‘t’ test revealed no significant difference
between the groups in perceived role stress (s) or job satisfaction.
The main stressor for both the groups were Inter role distance and Time
interference. Both the groups had moderate role stress (s) and
moderately high job satisfaction.
KEYWORDS: Role;
Stress, Psychological; Women, Working; Social Conditions; Workload; Job
Satisfaction; Marital Status; Comparative Study; Human; Female; Adult.
References: 11
An investigation into the relationship between psychological stress and health
Srivastava AK., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 39-43
The study
conducted on a sample of 210 male subjects from middle-class urban
population, revealed that psychosocial stress experienced by the
subjects significantly correlates with their emotional responses,
symptoms of neuroticism, maladaptive and pathological behaviour and
somatic pathologies ( psychosomatic diseases). It was also observed
that various forms of psychological and behavioural problems
significantly associate with somatic pathologies.
KEYWORDS:
Psychology, Experimental; Stress, Psychological; Urban Health;
Emotions; Adoption, Psychological; Mental Health Somatoform Disorders;
Chi-Square Distribution; Human; Male; Adult
References: 11
A Comparative study of organisational role stress amongst managers of government, public and private sectors
Mohan V; Chauhan D., Punjab University, Chandigarh.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 45-50
Optimum stress
is essential for performing well in one’s job. It acts as a drive and
can be called Eustress. But once stress exceeds a certain limit it can
cause burnout and detrimentally affect work performance. The present
study was conducted on 174 middle level managers from Government (50),
Public (76) and Private (48) sectors. There were 137 males and 37
females. Overall, the latter were very less in number. These managers
were administered Organisational Role Stress (ORS) Scale by Udai
Pareek. A t-test was done to find sex differences, if any, on the 10
subscales of ORS and the total score. None of the t-ratios were
significant, as such the data was pooled. Simple ANOVA were done for
all the 10 subscales and total ORS scores to test the differences
amongst the three sectors. The results showed that there were only two
significant F-ratios-for Role Erosion and Self-Role Conflict. The
managers of Public Sector experienced the maximum Role Erosion and Self
Role Conflict, followed by Government and the private sector. The
private sector seems to have a better work climate which is giving
enough forward orientation in one’s job role and also less amount of
intra-personal conflictual situations. This can have implications for
improvement of work climate in Government and Public Sector.
KEYWORDS: Role;
Stress, Psychological; Government; Public Sector; Private Sector;
Efficiency, Organizational; Analysis of Variance; Workplace; Data
Collection; Questionnaire; Human; Male; Female; Adult; Comparative
Study
References: 15
Integration of personality as a moderator variable of the intrinsic job satisfaction-occupational stress relationship
Mehra G; Mishra PC., University of Lucknow, Lucknow.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 51-55
In the present
study an attempt was made to explore the potential moderator effect of
integration of personality on the intrinsic job satisfaction
occupational stress relationship. The mental health inventory developed
by Jagdish and Srivastava, the S. D. Employee’s Inventory developed by
Pestonjee and Occupational Stress Index developed by Srivastava and
Singh were administered on a sample of 250 blue-collar industrial
workers of Uptron India Ltd., Lucknow. The sub-group analytical
strategy and moderated Multiple regression analysis were applied for
determining the moderating effect of integration of personality on the
relationship of intrinsic satisfaction and occupational stress.
Moderated regression analysis confirms that integration of personality
has a moderating effect on the intrinsic job satisfaction- occupational
stress relationship.
KEYWORDS:
Personality; Job Satisfaction; Stress, Psychological; Mental Health;
Work/PX; Regression Analysis; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Human;
Male; Adult
References: 20
Self-efficacy, stress and health: A cross-gender perspective
Sehgal M. Department of Psychology, Punjab University, Chandigarh.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 57-60
The inequality
is not a mere political or social condition between the sexes. The
basic health status and stress levels give very interesting picture of
these differences. The present study attempted to compare the self
efficacy, stress and health status between college going boys and
girls. The higher scores of boys on self-efficacy and stress and almost
equal scores on well being in comparison to girls have very subtle
meaning for the specialists working in health management and training.
KEYWORDS: Self
Efficacy; Personality; Stress, Psychological; Health Status; Gender
Identity; Human; Male; Female; Adolescence; Comparative Study
References: 14
Locus of control as determinant of organizational role stress
Malik AK; Sabharwal M. J. N. V. University, Jodhpur.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 61-64
The present
study was carried out to analyze the relationship between role stress
and locus of control. Sample consisted of 200 senior subordinates of
Nationalized Banks. The two tests, viz. Organizational Role Stress and
Rotter’s IE scale were administered individually to each subject.
Results were analyzed by computing correlation between Locus of Control
and ORS. Results were further analyzed by extreme group analysis.
Results indicate that externally controlled subjects perceived more
stress in three areas viz. Role expectation conflict, Role overload and
Role ambiguity.
KEYWORDS:
Internal-External Control; Stress, Psychological; Public Sector; Role;
Workload; Personality Data Interpretation, Statistical; Human; Male;
Adult
References: 7
A study of impact of age on job involvement and organizational commitment of nationalized and co-operative bank employees
Patel MK. Department of Psychology, Saurashtra University, Rajkot.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 65-70
KEYWORDS: Age
Factors; Job Satisfaction; Efficiency, Organizational; Employee
Performance Appraisal; Occupations; Behavior; Motivation; Human; Male;
Female; Adult; Middle Age; Aged; Comparative Study
References: 19
Social Support as related to organizational commitment of supervisors
Vashishtha A; Mishra PC. Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007
(U.P.), India.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 71-74
The study
explores the relationship between social support and organizational
commitment of supervisors. It was conducted on a sample of 200
supervisors employed in Scooters India Limited, Lucknow, (U.P.). The
General Population Form of Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL)
developed by Cohen, Mermelstein, Kamarch and Hoberman and the
Organizational Commitment Scale developed by Meyer and Allen were
administered on the sample of supervisors. The result confirms that
social support has a positive and significant relationship with the
organisational commitment of supervisors.
KEYWORDS: Social
Support; Psychology, Social; Evaluation Studies; Personnel Loyalty;
Employee Performance Appraisal; Human; Male; Female; Adult
References: 15
Job characteristics and demographic variables as predictor ofjob involvement of textile mill workers
Naaz H., Institute of objective studies, Post Box-9725, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 75-78
Hackman and
Lawler (1971) identified four of the Turner and Lawrence (1965)
requisite task attributes (RTA) as core characteristics of job that
would allow individual to obtain meaningful personal satisfaction from
the job itself. These four facts were:- Autonomy, Task identity,
Feedback & Skill variety. The Present investigation was carried out
to examine the effects of each of the job characteristics and certain
demographic variables (salary & chances of advancement) on job
involvement. 362 workers from a textile mill located in an industrial
city of U.P., comprises the sample, A scale developed by Naaz and
Akhtar. (1993) was used to measure the job characteristics. Job
involvement was measured with the help of Lodahi and Kejner’s (1965)
adopted version. Standard & stepwise regression analysis was
applied to analyze the data. Results indicate that only one job
characteristics i.e. skill variety was found to be significant
predictors of job involvement, Stepwise regression analysis revealed
that Task identity alongwith skill variety emerged as predictors of job
involvement.
KEYWORDS: Job
Satisfaction; Industry; Occupations; Employee Performance Appraisal;
Task Performance Analysis; Personal Satisfaction; Feedback; Salaries
and Fringe Benefits; Regression Analysis; Workplace; Data
Interpretation, Statistical; Human; Male; Female; Adult
References: 15
Job satisfaction, job and work involvement among the industrial employees: A correlational study
Joshi G. Department of Psychology, Saurashtra University, Rajkot.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 79-82
The present
study investigates the relationship between the age, job experience,
monthly income and educational level of the industrial employees of
public and private sector, with their Job satisfaction, Job involvement
and Work involvement. The study also aimed to investigate the
relationship between Job satisfaction, Job involvement and work
involvement. The sample consisted of 165 and 121 employees of various
levels from public and private sectors undertaking respectively (N=286)
located in Rajkot. The product moment correlation was used. The study
revealed that employees’ age, job experience and monthly income were
significantly associated with their job involvement and work
involvement. Employees’ monthly income was found to be significantly
correlated with job satisfaction. It was also found that employees’ job
satisfaction and job involvement are significantly associated. Further,
the results indicate that though employees’ work involvement and job
satisfaction were not significantly related but they have inverse
relationship.
KEYWORDS: Job
Satisfaction; Work/PX; Occupations; Employee Performance Appraisal; Age
Factors; Income; Educational Status; Public Sector; Private Sector;
Human; Male; Female; Adult
References: 20
Peer nomination as a diagnostic tool
Hariharan M., Academic Staff College, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 83-89
Peer rating has
been in use for various diagnostic purposes. Its reliability level was
found to be high. Peer nomination/rating is used to identify and
classify children on the basis of competence and their socio- economic
background. The study screened and identified 112 children on the basis
of peer nomination. Peer rating of their various competence levels and
self- perception of the socio-economic background well coincided with
the peer nomination.
KEYWORDS: Peer
Review; Child Behavior; Mental Competency; Socio Economic Factors;
Social Class; Self Concept; Students/PX; Teaching; Psychology,
Educational; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Human; Male; Female;
Child
References: 12
Construction of children’s learning styles inventory
Dangwal R. R & D Centre, NIIT Limited, New Delhi.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 91-98
In today’s
world there is tremendous heterogeneity in the learner population, "the
teaching-learning process" becomes crucial. This paper is an attempt to
develop a test, which measures how children learn, It describes the
design, construction and validation of the test suitable for children
ranging from the age group of 5 to 15 years. It is a pictorial test
supported by text and is considered to be relevant for children and can
be extended to uneducated, illiterate children also. The test is found
to be highly reliable and valid.
KEYWORDS:
Psychology, Educational; Learning; Child Development; Child Guidance;
Child Psychology; Teaching; Audiovisual Aids; Visual Perception;
Schools; India; Personality Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Human;
Male; Female; Child, Preschool
OTHER KEYWORDS: Child; Adolescence
References: 7
Questionnaire to measure psychological barriers to technological change
Ghani KA; Sugumar M. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical Teachers Training
Institute, Chennai.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 99-108
Manufacturing
industries in which technological change is the thrust have introduced
Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT). In those firms where AMT has
been implemented, the real benefits remain modest. This is attributed
to reasons, which are mainly the human barriers among operational level
employees that arise in most periods of change. Review of literature
and interactions with manufacturing firms identified 10 conceptual
factors. Forty eight items generated under these factors formed a
questionnaire, which was administered to 100 operational level
employees in three firms. A principal factor analysis extracted 10
factors that mostly reproduced the conceptual factors. The instrument
formed had 37 items on these factors and yielded accepted reliability
coefficient of alpha 0.66-0.82. the percentage of psychological
barriers was computed for the three firms across age, qualifications
and occupation of operational level employees. Descriptive analysis of
the results supports the hypotheses. Key word: Advanced Manufacturing
technology.
KEYWORDS:
Questionnaires; Work/PX; Psychology, Industrial; Technology; Factor
Analysis, Statistical; Age Factors; Occupations; India; Workload; Job
Satisfaction; Efficiency, Organizational; Human; Male; Female; Adult;
Middle Age
References: 16
Patient’s care scale: A measure of peoples perception towards the system
Yousuf SMA. Division of social Psychology; A. N. Sinha Institute of Social Studies, Patna.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 109-117
The patient
care scale consists of 44-items. The sample comprised of 154 patients
and/or attendants of five units. The results indicated that the mean
item score is 1.46 with a SD of 0.47. After correction for attenuation,
the split-half reliability indices for a-priori clusters are: human
relation of doctors.69, human relation of nurses.62, human relation of
supportive staff and others.63, provision of medicine, food, and
nutrition.08, state of sanitation. 55, physical facilities.21,
perceived satisfaction .75, and grievances .54. The average split-half
reliability comes to .51. Thirteen factors emerged after factor
analysis which covered 67.2 percent of the total variance. These
factors are named as satisfaction with hospital care, delay,
humiliation in getting food, annoyance at medicos, negligence in
medical care, health and hygienic measures, arrogance of the unit-head,
poor medical care and facilities, bad behaviour of nurses, physical
facilities, absentee medical staff, facilities, and insensitivity of
nurses.
KEYWORDS:
Patient-Centered Care; Social Perception; Health Care Surveys;
Hospital- Patient Relations; Attitude of Health Personnel;
Physician-Patient Relations; Nurse-Patient Relations; Allied Health
Personnel/PX; Patient Satisfaction; Factor Analysis, Statistical;
Patient Care; Human; Male; Female; Adult
References: 10
Normative and evaluative orientations in a collectivistic society
Reddy KSS; Samiullah S; Reddy VS., Department of Psychology; Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 119-124
Normative and
evaluative aspects in a collectivistic society were studied. The sample
consisted of 60 men and 60 women of high and low age groups who had
post graduate education. The normative and evaluative aspects were
assessed using the Cultural Orientation Scale (COS) developed by
Bierbrauer. Results revealed that on normative dimension the gender and
age differences are not significant. On evaluative dimension gender
differences are more pronounced.
KEYWORDS:
Orientation; Social Behavior; Psychology, Social; Cultural
Characteristics; Educational Status; Interpersonal Relations;
Individuality; Analysis of Variance; Data Interpretation, Statistical;
Human; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Age
References: 15
Item response theory in organizational psychology: A review
Roy DD., Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 125-128
Item response
theory (IRT) is a relatively new development in measurement of
behaviour in the context of organizational issues. This might be due to
more importance of IRT on unidimensional trait (ability) than
multidimensional traits (attitudes and values). In the context of
organization, the multidimensional traits, like attitudes towards job
facets, towards organization’s structure and process characteristics
(organisational climate, culture and organizational health) have
received importance in current literature. Present paper reviewed
articles published in the Journal of Applied Psychology, from 1100% to
1996. It was noted that there were few applications of IRT in studying
problems of organizational psychology. Some controversies and
unresolved problems are examined from a practical perspective.
KEYWORDS:
Efficiency, Organizational; Organizational Culture; Psychological
Theory; Behavioral Sciences; Attitude; Aptitude; Reference Standards;
Human; Male; Female; Adult
References: 3
Impression management behaviour in relation to personality dimensions
Dani V; Helode RD., Department of Psychology, S. N. Govt. Girls Autonomous college, Bhopal.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 129-132
Present study
attempts to investigate impression management behaviour of female
employees in context of two personality dimensions, i.e., extraversion
and neuroticism. Mean difference between total as well as tactic-wise
scores are analyzed with the help of ‘t’ test and interactional
hypothesis is verified by applying 2x2 ANOVA. results are discussed in
terms of situational conditions of the job and Eysenck’s personality
theory.
KEYWORDS:
Behavior; Personality; Women, Working; Extraversion (Psychology);
Analysis of Variance; Work Place; Social Conditions; Social Behavior;
Teaching; Emotions; Introversion (Psychology); Human; Female; Adult
References: 11
Real and ideal perceptions of woman and man
Gupta V; Gupta A., Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 133-138
In the present
research, 150 males and 150 females, aged 25-50 years, evaluated the
concepts of typical woman, typical man, ideal woman and ideal man on
Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire and a free-response measure.
Results indicate that both typical woman and ideal woman are perceived
to possess significantly more feminine than masculine traits and both
typical man and ideal man are perceived to possess significantly higher
masculine than feminine traits. However, trait perceptions of the ideal
woman and the ideal man appeared to be somewhat less rigidly sex
stereotyped than those of typical woman and typical man.
KEYWORDS: Social
Perception; Men/PX; Women/PX; Personality Assesment; Personality Tests;
Stereotyped Behavior; Social Behavior; Sex Factors Data Interpretation,
Statistical; Human; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Age; Comparative Study
References: 20
Study of behaviour types and basic interrelated factors contributing to pro-activity of private and public sector employees.
Bhatt DB; Patel S. , Department of Psychology, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar
388120.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 139-141
Employees of
Public and Private Sector organisations (N=80) are compared in this
study. Comparison is on basic interrelated factors contributing to
‘Pro-activity’. Four such factors: Security, Guidance, Wisdom, and
Power indices are taken into consideration. Private sector officers
were found to be on higher side on all the factors, indicating that
internal seeds of these factors can sprout in private sector which can
lead a person to become pro-active. Significance correlations between
components of FEHO-B and AB types. With type A personality FEHO-B
components were found to be negatively correlated that pro-activity can
foster in type B people rather in type A people.
KEYWORDS:
Behavior; Public Sector; Private Sector; Employee Performance
Appraisal; Power (Psychology); Type A Personality; Personality Tests;
Human; Male; Female; Adult; Comparative Study
References: 6
Psychologist and autocounselling on the academic achievement of university students
Panchanatham N., Annamalai University, Annamalainagar
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 143-146
A study was
carried out to investigate the role of psychologists in training
students for autocounselling and increasing their academic performance.
This quasi-experimental study was carried out with a sample of 60
students, dividing them equality into two groups (control and
experimental). The experimental group underwent autocounselling
training through a psychologist. The data pertaining to the performance
of the groups in their university examinations was subjected to
analysis of variance test. The result showed that students who
practiced autocounselling through a psychologist, fared well in the
examinations and scored better marks.
KEYWORDS:
Psychology, Educational; Counseling; Achievement; Educational Status;
Psychology, Experimental; Conditioning (Psychology); Emotions;
Students/PX; Human; Male; Female; Adult
References: 10
A study of personality differences between pupils of sainik and non-sainik schools
Dhila BD; Yagnik LR. Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 147-150
The aim of the
study was to investigate the differences in personality structure of
male students of sainik and non-sainik schools. A random sample of 160
boys was taken, (eighty boys from each category of school) their age
ranged from 11 to 15 years. The children’s personality questionnaire
(C.P.Q.) was used to obtain the personality structure of both the
groups. Means and SDs were computed and ‘t’ test was applied to check
the significance of difference between personality structure of the two
groups. Out of fourteen factors of C.P.Q. the students of sainik school
had higher mean score on eight factors. (A,B,C,F,G,H,I,Q3); while the
students of non-sainik school had higher mean score in case of factors
D,E,J,O and Q4. The ‘t’ value showed that the differences were
significant on factors G and O at .05 level. While in case of C,D,E,F,N
and Q3 the differences were significant at 0.1 level; and for A,B,H,J,
I and Q4 factors, the ‘t’ value showed no significant difference.
KEYWORDS:
Psychology, Educational; Personality Assessment; Students/PX; Schools;
Child Behaviour; Home Nursing; Questionnaires; Data Interpretation,
Statistical; Human; Male; Child; Comparative Study
References: 11
The humane component in human factors engineering: An ethical interrogative?
Tuli K., Department of Psychology, Zakir Husain College, New Delhi.
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 151-156
Human machine
interaction involves various kinds of complexities, which include
technical, socio-technical, physical, social, ergonomical,
psychological and ethical dimensions of work. At times the work is so
consuming that it robs human beings of their abilities to develop in
other areas of living (Selye;1974). These are the faulty interactions
at work, which lead to such kind of stresses. The present paper focuses
on this dire need of the human factors engineers to give their
professional and moral support to the work ethics and esthetics, so
that human-machine interaction can be reviewed from more humane
viewpoint than "cog in a big wheel type approach". This study of 210
machine operators revealed various facets of their interaction with the
various machines and the resultant stress cognizance. Various factors
of mental health and other variables indicated significant coefficient
of correlation at p<.001 level.
KEYWORDS:
Psychology, Industrial; Human Engineering; Ethics; Man-Machine Systems;
Work/PX; Stress, Psychological; Morale; Behavior; Workplace; Human;
Male; Female; Adult
References: 14
Effect of feedback on adaptive automation
Singh IL; Hilburn B; Parasuraman R., Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi-221005
1999 Jan-Jul; 25(1-2): 157-165
Adaptive
automation is found to maximize the benefits associated with cockpit
automation while maintaining pilot involvement, enhancing situation
awareness, and regulating workload. Adaptive automation can produce
significant benefits over "static" automation without any performance
costs associated with reversion to manual control. The present study
examined the effect to feedback on the benefits and costs of adaptive
automation. 24 nonpilots were tested on a PC-based flight simulation
task consisted of tracking, monitoring, and fuel resource management
tasks. Tracking and monitoring could be performed either manually or
automatically while fuel management was always performed manually.
Subjects received feedback on their performance of the manual tasks
either at the end of each block or on-line feedback. In the test
sessions an adaptive procedure was simulated by shifting from manual to
automatic control, and return to manual control, every 10-minute in
three 30-minute sessions. In the automation mode subjects were required
to supervise the automated task by noting any irregularity in its
control. Automation benefits were assessed by comparing performance in
the manual and automatic control blocks, while automation costs were
assessed by comparing the manual and return to manual blocks. Adaptive
automation benefits on performance were found. Performance improved
across blocks. The on-line feedback did not enhance performance in
comparison to block feedback. Results confirm that dynamic automation
of a task benefits performance compared to manual control, even with
the additional workload imposed by the requirement to supervise the
automated task.