JIAAP Abstracts 1997
Najam N; Moss HB; Kirisci L; Tarter RE, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 3-12
The present
investigation aimed to identify a latent frontal cerebral factor
utilizing Neuropsychological tests and to assess whether this factor
predicts drug abuse behavior two years later. A sample of 354 children
were assigned to High Drug Abuse Risk (N is equal to 139) and Low Drug
Abuse Risk (N is equal to 215) on the basis of paternal diagnosis. The
subjects were administered the Wisc-III and a battery of
neuro-psychological tests at 10-12 years of age and the Drug Use
Screening Inventory two years later to document the severity of drug
involvement and consequences. Factor analysis of the
neuro-psychological and WISC-III scores revealed a latent unifactor
indicative of executive conitive functioning (ECF). ECF factor scores
at age 10-12 were significantly associated with the Substance Abuse and
Leisure and Recreation problems (with trends for Peer Relationship)
scores on the DUSI in the High Risk Boys only when measured at age
12-14. These findings extend the emerging literature indicating that
poor performance on cognitive tests sensitive to deficits in frontal
lobe functions are associated with heightened risk for substance abuse
and suggest that familial factors may be important contributors to this
risk relationship.
KEYWORDS:
Substance Abuse/PC; Substance Abuse/DI; Adolescent Psychology;
Psychotropic Drugs; Substance Abuse/EP; Substance Abuse/PX; Social
Enviornment; Substance Abuse/RH; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors;
Data Interpretation, Statistical; Case Report; Human; Adolescence;
Male; Female; Substance Dependence/PX; Cognition Disorders/PX;
Socioeconomic Factors; Neuropsycholigical Tests
References: 38
Cognitive deterioration of male drug addicts.
Bannerjee S; Mukhopadhyay A; Shukla V, Arya Mahila Degree College, Varanasi.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 13-18
Present
investigation attempted to explore the quality of life, our affected
populations are leading. The objective undertaken for the study were to
utilize such informations of cognitive deterioration to detect the
cases at its earliest phase. Potential impairment of the cognitive
level may be utilized as an informative source of addiction and be
checked for its proliferation at the root of the community. The sample
of study comprised of 96 drug addicted males habituated in tidigesic
injection (N is equal to 14), cannabis abusers (N is equal to 22),
heroin addicts (N is equal to 30), and alcohol addicts (N is equal to
30). A comparative matched control group (N is equal to 30) was also
used to substantiate the outcome. Ravens progressive Matrices measures
were used to test the differences in intellectual ability. Ten
subscales of memory measures by PGI memory Scale checked the extent of
damage among drug abusers. Emotional balance investigated with Bender
Gestal Visuo Motor Test. A distinct low score in the intellectual
ability was reported for the addicts. Visual and verbal retention and
recognition were found to be the major areas of memary dysfunction
proving deteriorated cognitive functioning. Except alcoholics the other
drug addicts substantiated the emotional maladjustment in terms of mean
reaction time comparisons. Thus cognitive impairement may be predicted
as an obvious after effect of drug abuse.
KEYWORDS:
Substance Abuse/DI; Substance Abuse/PX; Cognition Disorders/DI;
Cognition Disorders/PP; Congnition Disorders/PCPsychotropic Drugs;
Cognition disorder/PX; Substance Abuse/PC; Socioeconomic Factors; Data
Interpretation, Statistical; Case Report; Human; Adult; Male
References: 19
Emotional competencies among chemical dependents and non-dependents :
a compaarative study.
Bharadwaj R; Sharma A, D. S. College, Aligarh, U.P.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 19-22
The present study was
undertaken to investigate the basic differences found among chemical
dependents and non-dependents as regards to five emotional competencies
with a two group design on a sample of 100 male subjects. It is
discerned that in comparison to chemical dependents, the non-dependents
have greater adequate depth of feelings, adequate expression and
control of emotions, ability to function with emotions, and
encoouragement of positive emotions. However, it is also noted that no
difference exists among chemical dependents and non-dependents as
regard to the ability to cope with problem emotions.
KEYWORDS: Substance
Dependence/CI; Substance Dependence/CO; Substance Dependence/PX;
Emotions; Personality Assessment; Mental Competency; Social
Environment; Comparative Study; Human; Adult; Male
References: 14
Attitudes towards drug taking behaviour : a fector analytic study.
Basu D; Malhotra A; Verma VK; Malhotra R, Drug
De-addiction and Treatment Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Education and Research, Chandigarh.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 23-29
Responses from 205 subjects to
a 33-item self-report Likert scale for assessment of attitudes toward
drug-taking (SAAD-I) were subjected to a principal components factor
anallysis with varimax rotation. The resultant 21-item modified version
of the scale (SAAD-II) had four factors named "Rejection of drug
addicts", "Active endorsement of drug taking", "Passive acceptance of
drug taking", and "Drugs more dangerous than alcohol", explaining 11.3
percent, 8.2 percent, 6.9 percent and 5.2 percent of the variance
respectively (total variance explained, 31.6 percent). Measures of
internal consistency and stability over time both yielded overall
satisfactory results. The complex, multi-dimensional nature of
attitudes toward drug taking behaviour is emphasized by this study.
Also, the scale may be used as a sound psychometric index for measueing
such attitudes especially in the care-givers and burden-sharers of drug
dependent persons at home.
KEYWORDS: Psychotropic Drugs;
Alcoholism/RH; Alcohol Drinking; Substance Abuse/RH; Substance
Dependence/RH; Substance Dependence/PX; Socioeconomic Factors;
Psychometrics; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Social Values;
Risk-Taking; Social Environment; Human; Adult; Child; Adolescence;
Substance Abuse/PX
References: 18
Attitude of nurses towards treatment of substance abuse.
Misra AK; Mattoo SK; Malhotra R, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 31-35
Attitude towards treatment of
substance abuse was studied in twenty nurses working at a deaddiction
centre, using a modified version of Attitude to Treatment
Questionnaire. Findings revealed higher intent to share the role of
therapist, preference for professional over personal approach, higher
acceptance of role of individual psychotherapist, low permissiveness
and low belief that treatment may disturb patients. Attitudinal
associations emerged between belief that treatment may disturb patient
vs. liberal attitude for role of nurse and shorter experience in
psychiatry, between intent to share the role therapist and preference
for professional over personal approach, and between intent to share
the role of therapist and preference for professional over personal
approach, and between liberal attitude to treatment methods and
rejection of role of individual psychoterapist. Implications of these
findings are discussed.
KEYWORDS: Psychiatric Nursing;
Substance Abuse/NU; Nursing Assessment; Nurse-Patient Relations;
Education, Nursing; Substance Abuse/PX; Substance Abuse/PC; Substance
Abuse Treatment Centres/OG; Nursing Methodology Research;
Questionnaires; Human; Male; Female; Treatment Out Come; Nurse
Practitioners/ED; Data Interpretation, Statistical
References: 19
Relationship of responsibility and academic self concept with drug addiction among university students.
Aziz S; Shah AA , University of Surry Surry, U.K.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 37-41
This study
examined difference between addicts and non-addicts with regard to
their sense of responsibility and academic self concept. Participants
were 45 addicts and 45 non-addicts, males with mean age of 23 years,
from Three Pakistani universities in Islamabad, Lahore and Peshawar.
The two groups were matched for age, area of residence, education, and
marital status. All participants gave their responses on the
Responsibility scale of California Psychological Inventory (CPI), and
Academic Self Concept Scale (ASCS). Results showed that contrary to
nonaddicts, addicts scored significantly lower both on the
Responsibility scale and the Academic Self Concept Scale. The findings
have been discussed in the social psychological perspective.
KEYWORDS:
Psychotropic Drugs; Students/PX; Attitude to Health; Substance
Abuse/PX; Substance Abuse/PC; Aptitude; Attitude; Educational Status;
Self Concept; Socioeconomic Factors; Socialization; Pakistan; Data
Interpretation, Statistical; Comparative Study; Human; Male; Adult
References: 25
A study of drug abuse among students as related to personalityvariables.
Lather AS; Vasudeva P; Verma P, Guru Jambeshwar University, Hisar.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 43-49
The Study was
conducted on 142 drug abusers and a control group of 139 non-abusers in
the age range of 17-25 years. The subjects (all males) were taken from
various colleges and universities of Northern India (Haryana, J and K,
Punjab, Chandigarh and Delhi). MPQ was administered individually to the
subjects. A 2x2x2 factorial design with unequal numbers was used for
the analysis on different personality factors. The differences were
significant for all the variables such as anxiety, depression,
hysteria, mania, paranoia, psychopathic deviate, repressor sentisizer
and schizopherenia. The mean score showed that the drug abusers scored
higher on all these personality dimensions. On K (lie) factor, it is
the non-abusers who have scored higher than the drug abusers.
KEYWORDS:
Substance Abuse/PX; Anxiety/PX; Personalilty; Substance Abuse/DI;
Depression/PX; Personallity Inventory; Substance Abuse/RH; Depressive
Disorder/RH; Schizo Phrenia; Socioeconomic Factors; Anxiety
Disorders/RH; India; Students/PX; Male; Substance Abuse/CO; Case
Report; Human; Adult; Adolescence; Risk Factors
References: 27
Psychological factors related to drug dependence.
Jain R; Mehta M; Gautam S, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 51-53
One hundred
adult male addicts in the age of range of 18 to 45 years, when compared
with equal number of neurotics and normals showed that they were (a)
more active, sociable, high risk takers, impulsive, expressive and
assertive but (b) less responsible and had poor attitude towards
morality in comparison to neurotics and normals of comparable age
level.
KEYWORDS:
Substance Dependence/PX; Adaption, Psychological; Psychological Tests;
Substance Dependence/RH; Neurotic Disorders/PX; Soocial Adjustment;
Psychotropic Drugs; Risk Factors; Psychological Tests; Risk-Taking;
Case Report; Social Environment; Human; Adult; Male; Comparattive
Study; Neurotic Disorders/DI; Substance Dependence/DI; Data
Interpretation, Statistical
References: 10
Neurotic problems and feelings of lnsecurity among high and low drug addicts.
Gunthey RK; Jain M, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 55-57
Drug addiction
is one of the most burning problems. The present study was conducted on
high, low, and non-drug user college students (30 each), 18 to 25 years
of age. Security-Insecurity inventory by Tiwari and Singh and Hindi
version of Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire by Kapoor and Kapoor were
administered. The high and low drug users were found to be extroverted
neurotic and to react pathologically to stressful events. Moderate and
positive correlations were found between the two scale for the three
groups(55 to 67)..
KEYWORDS:
Substance Abuse/PX; Behavior, Addictive/DI; Neurotic Disorders/PX;
Neurotic Disorders/EP; Substance Dependence/CO; Neurotic Disorders/DI;
Depression/DI; Anxiety/DI; Social Environment; Students;
Questionnaires; Social Adjustment; Case Report; Human; Adult;
Adolescence; Data Interpretation, Statistical
References: 9
Social identity among criminals and drug dependent individuals.
Kodandaram P, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bangalore.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 59-61
Sarbin put forth
a Social Psychological model for understanding behavioural dysfunction.
This he called ‘Social Identify Model’ is examined with respect to
criminals and drug dependent individuals using "conduct Impairment
Scale". Criminals and Drug Dependent individuals did not differ on the
social identity. Both showed degraded social identity.
KEYWORDS: Social
Identification; Social Conformity; Prisoners/PX; Crimianl Psychology;
Psychotropic Drugs; Social Values; Substance Dependence/PX; Patient
Acceptance of Health Care; Social Environment; Substance Dependence/RH;
Case Report; Human; Male; Female; Adult
References: 18
A comparative study of emotional life and subjective well-being in drug addicts
and non-addicts.
Bhojak MM; Nathawat SS; Krishnan S; Ali J , S.M.S. Medocal College, Jaipur.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 63-67
The present
study investigated emotional life and subjective well-being in drug
addicts and non-addicts. A sample of 30 addicts and non-addicts were
selected. They were administered the KSP, psychopathic deviate scale of
MMPI. Quality of life scale and two scales of well-being. By and large,
drug addicts appear to have distrubed emotional life, more psychopathic
traits and poorer subjective well-being as compared to normal controls.
KEYWORDS:
Emotions; Substance Dependence/PX; Social Environment; Antisocial
Personality Disorder/PX; Substance Dependence/RH; Substance Abuse/PX;
Psychotic Disorders/PX; Substance Abuse/RH; Data Interpretation,
Statistical; Comparative Study; Human; Adult
References: 17
The quantitative assessment of depression and anxiety among male alcohol dependents.
Singh AR; Ahmad H; Mehta R; Banerjee KR , Ranchi Mansik Arogshala, Ranchi.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 69-71
Alcohol
dependent cases during and post detoxification phase were assessed for
anxiety and depression. The results of the study indicate that degree
of depression and anxiety decreased markedly in detoxified cases after
a gap of three months.
KEYWORDS:
Substance Dependence/PX; Substance Dependence/RH; Alcoholism/CO;
Alcoholism/PX; Depressive Disorder/PX; Alcoholism/PP; Depression;
Alcholism/RH; Depressive Disorder/PP; Depressive Disorder/RH;
Prevalence; Human; Male; Adult
References: 20
Psychosocial treatment for alcohol abuse disorders : an up-date.
Rangaswami K, Institute of Mental Health, Chennai.
1997 Jan-Jul; 23(1-2): 73-83