JIAAP Abstracts 1993
Aditya SM; Sen AK, Department of Psychology. University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 1-6
The present research was
carried out to study the job stressors and anxieties which affect both
male and female executives, and also to make a comparison between the
two groups. Sample consisted of 80 male and 80 female middle-level
executives working in three public-sector undertakings. The tools which
were applied to them included the Organizational Role Stress Scale, Job
Anxiety Scale and Bem Sex Role Inventory. Results showed that male and
female executives differed significantly on role ambiguity, role
conflict, inter-role distance, future prospects, human relations at
work, femininity and masculinity dimensions. Male executives with a
masculine sex-role orientation faced greater job stress and anxiety
than females possessing an androgynous personality. Result was
discussed in terms of greater reluctance to self disclose among men,
and different socialization patterns laid down for both men and women
in Indian society.
KEYWORDS: Stress,
Psychological/ET; Anxiety Disorders; Stress, Psychological/EP; Job
satisfaction; Employment; Human; Male; Female; Comparative Study
References: 10
Dynamics of power and organizational climate
Malimath MV; Kumar GM, Shanthiniketan, 6, Palace Loop Road. Vasnthnagar,Bangalore-560052
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 7-12
The aim of the study was to
analyze the relationship between Organizational Climate and dynamics of
power among 60 senior managers in a public sector organization.
Managers in two levels (PS6 and PS7) were studied by a field survey
method using questionnaires and self report inventories. Managers at a
higher level (PS7) perceived more Responsibility, Reward and Structure.
There was a significant difference in the percentage of sample having
the three power Orientations. Structure, Warmth and Identity were were
significantly related to the use of power strategy No. 4 ("Use data to
convince others") in PS7 level (p<.05), while in the total group,
only Warmth was significantly related to strategy No. 4 (p<.05).
Managers with higher educational qualification perceived more conflict
and there was a discrepancy between strategies most preferred and those
actually utilized. The results are discussed stressing the need and
importance of intergrating power issues with Organizational
Development.
KEYWORDS: Organizational
Culture; Administrative Personnel/PX; Interprofessional Relations;
Questionnaires; Social Perception; Reward; Risk-Taking; Data
Collection; Human
References: 11
Intelligence and personality differences among children from orphanages and intact families.
Tabassam W; Hamayun S, Department of Applied Psychology University of the Punjab,Lahore Pakistan
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 13-20
This study was conducted to
investigate the differences of personality structure and intelligence
of the children living in orphanages and the children from intact
families. The sample included a total of 160 subjects, consisting of 80
boy students from orphanage and 80 boy students from intact families,
age ranged from 11 to 15 years. The children’s personality
questionnaire (CPQ) and Otis Quick Scoring Mental Ability tests were
used to obtain the personality structure and I. Q. score respectively,
for orphanage and non-orphanage groups. Means were computed and Z-test
was applied to check the significance of difference between
intelligence level and personality structure of the two groups. Out of
fourteen factors of CPQ, seven factors were found significantly higher
in the children of intact families as compared to the children from
orphanages. The orphans were also found to be at lower I. Q. range than
the children from intact families.
KEYWORDS: Child Welfare; Child,
Institutionalized/PX; Aid to Families with Dependent Children; Foster
Home care; Presonality Development; Intelligence; Comparative Study;
Human; Male; Female; Child; Adolescence
References: 14
Male/female differences in sex related myths.
Kumar P; Jadeja CB, Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 21-24
The study undertakes to
examine the differences if any in the number and nature of sex-related
myths held by male and female college-going students. The sample
comparised 60 male and 60 female students in the age bracket of 18-24
years. Sex Myth check-list, was used for studying the sex related myths
of the subjects. The results showed that male students scored higher in
male sexuality area than in the female sexuality area. The female
students, on the other hand, showed better understanding about their
own sexuality than about male sexuality. Attempt has been made to
interpret the results in the existing socio-cultural context.
KEYWORDS: Adolescent
Psychology; Gender Identity; Students/PX; Sex Education; Sex
Characteristics; Sex Behavior; Attitude; Human; Male; Female;
Adolescence; Adult
References: 7
Mental health status among rural and urban students : A comparative study.
Reddy SV; Nagarathanamma B, Department of Psychology, S. V. University Tirupati
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 25-30
The present study was
undertaken to investigate certain components of Mental Health status
among rural and urban students from the point of identifying students,
who have potential for future development of mental health problems.
The school is considered second to the home in its influence on the
development of children’s personality. The sample of study comprised
400 high school going children, out of which 200 were boys and 200 were
girls. Their socio-economic status was taken into consideration. Mental
Health status was measured by using Thorpe and Clark’s Mental Health
analysis questionnaire (School Form). The results revealed no
difference between urban and rural students, with regard to their
mental health status. Boys and girls in the sample slightly differed
from each other with regard to their mental health status, where as the
socio-economic status did not contribute to their mental health status.
KEYWORDS: Adolescent
Psychology; Health Status; Personality Development; Socioeconomic
Factors; Rural Population; Urban Population; Comparative Study; Human;
Male; Female; Adolescence; Adult
References: 12
Needs as determinants of orientation towards spirituality.
Zainuddin A, Opp. State Bank/Medical Branch, Sir Syed Nagar,Aligarh-202002
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 31-38
The present study is an attempt
towards a humanistic phenomenological study of spirituality. It is
concerned with the relationship between spiritual orientation and
psychogenic needs. The sample consisted of two hundred and twenty
teachers of the various faculties of the Aligarh Muslim University. The
sample was drawn randomly. The spiritual orientation inventory and
Meenakshi personality inventory were used to test spirituality and
psychological need respectively. Factor analysis of needs, and multiple
regression analysis of exploring the relationship between needs and
spirituality were carried out. Autonomy and aggression (Factor I) have
been found to be the best negative predictors of spirituality.
Spirituality could also be predicted by self actualization needs
(Factor II).
KEYWORDS: Spiritualism/PX;
Selfconcept; Motivation; Philosophy; Orientation; Human; Regression
Analysis; Human; Adult; Middle Age
References: 12
Adjustment and Creativity
Hussain S; Sharan P, Singhi House, Professors Colony, Tripolia,Patna-800007
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 39-46
The present investigation was
undertaken to examine the relationship, if any, between creativity
(verbal and non-verbal) and adjustment in different areas (Home,
Health, Social, Emotional) as well as on the whole. Mehdi test of
verbal and nonverbal creativity and Mohsin-Shamshad adaptation of
Bell’s adjustment inventory were used. The data were treated by
applying ‘t’ test, correlation and regression analysis. High creative
group on verbal and non-verbal test of creativity significantly
differed from the low creative group in respect of adjustment in
different areas as well as on overall adjustment. High group obtained
lower mean scores (indicating better adjustment) in comparison to its
lower counterpart. The ‘r’ values between the scores on creativity and
those on adjustment (areawise and overall) were negative and
significant at .01 level of confidence. The correlation values ranged
between minous .54 to minous .79 and from minous .57 to minous .55 for
varbal and non-verbal creativity respectively. However, multiple
regression analysis indicated positive contribution of home and overall
adjustment only to the verbal and non verbal creativity.
KEYWORDS: Creativeness; Students/PX; Social Adjustment; Emotions; Regression Analysis; Personality Development; Human; Male
References: 30
Effect of epinephrine on learning under anaesthesia.
Darolia MK; Yadava A; Malhotra S, Department of Psychology, M.D.University,Rohtak-124001
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 47-51
A multi-group design with three
groups (N is equal to 24) was utilized to examine whether E enables
learning to occur in an anaesthetic state and to implicate the
mechanism by which the memory modulatory effects of E are mediated.
Water deprived animals (body weight reduced to 80 plus-minous 5 percent
of original weight) were initially anaesthetized (50 mg/kg of Sodium
Pentothal) E (250 ug/kg) or E plus insulin (250 ug/kg plus .05
units/kg) followed by training on a classical conditioning task.
Retention was tested 2 days later by using a drinking suppression task.
Results indicazte that leaning does occur under anaesthesia if the
animals are pre-treated with E. Also, the mnemoactive effect of E is
madiated via glucose.
KEYWORDS: Learning/DE; Memory/DE; Epinephrine/PD; Anesthesia; Animal; Rats
References: 12
Death sensitivity among drug addicts.
Maqbool S; Husain A, Department of Psychology, Aligarh MuslimUniversity,Aligarh-202 002
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 53-56
Death Sensitivity Scale (DSS)
was administered on 100 smack addicts and 50 alcoholics in-patients to
measure their perception towards death. It was found that smack addicts
in comparison to alcoholics had more death sensitivity. Smack addicts
as compared to alcoholics scored high no ‘fact of death’ and
‘acceptance of death’ dimensions of DSS. Significant differences
existed between smack addicts and alcoholics on frustration/depression,
socially outgoing and socially withdrawn causation of addiction.
KEYWORDS: Substance-Related Disorders/MO; Cause of Death; Alcoholism Anxiety; Depression; Human; Adult
References: 6
Categorical organization as a function of locus of control, anxiety and ego-stress.
Alam K., Department of Psychology, Zakir Husain College, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg,New Delhi-110002
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 57-62
The present research was
designed to determine the effects of locus of control, anxiety and
ego-stress on categorical clustering of verbal materials. A 2x2x2
factorial design with two types of locus of control (external and
internal) two levels of anxiety (high and low) and two pre-experimental
stress instructions (ego-stress and reassurance) was employed. There
were eight groups each having fifteen subjects. The results indicated
that internal subjects exhibit superior clustering than those of
external subjects, under both ego-stress and reassurance conditions.
Subjects with high anxiety and stress have shown poorer clustering as
compared to their low anxiety counterparts. However, reassurance
condition facilitated the clustering performance of high anxiety
subjects.
KEYWORDS: Students/PX; Memory; Anxiety; Verbal Learning; Ego; Human; Male
References: 25
A study of depression among convicts
Rai GC, Department of Psychology, M.L.S. University, Udaipur-313001,Rajasthan
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 63-68
The study was conducted with
the objective of investigating into the extent of depression among the
different categories of convicts. Belonging to the different
socio-economic backgrounds. The study was conducted on 480 convicts who
were undergoing imprisonment in jails of Rajasthan. The study was based
on ex-postfacto 3x2x2 factorial design experiment with three types of
the nature of Crime (Murder, Assault and Theft). two conditions of Age
(young and Old) and two levels of Socio-economic status (Upper and
Lower). There were 40 subjects in each of the twelve groups
representing the twelve cells as per the aforestated experimental
design. Thus, making the total size of the sample as 480. Nature of
crime, Age and Socio-economic status were the independent variables,
and depression was the dependent variable in the study. Zung’s Self
Rating Depression scale was administered to all the convicts. Three-way
analysis of variance revealed that murderers were significantly less
depressed than assailants who, in turn, were significantly less
depressed than thieves : the young convicts were significantly less
depressed than the old convicts : and the convicts of Upper and Lower
soocio-economic status did not differ significantly in depression. The
findings of the study have some practical implications for reducing
depression among the different categories of the convicts.
KEYWORDS: prisoners/PX; Depression; Crime; Prisons; Analysis of Variance; Socioeconomic Factors; Human
References: 17
Stress in newspaper industry
Singh A, Central Labour Institute, N.S. Mankikar Marg. Sion. Bombay-400022
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 69-75
The aim of present study is to
measure the level of stress among workers working on Video Display
Terminals (VDT) in newspaper establishments. The Occupational Stress
Index and Critical Flicker Fusion Test (CFFT) were administered on 100
(50 VDT users and 50 non VDT users) newspaper industry employees.
Results indicate that the level of stress is significantly high among
the non VDT users group as compared to VDT user group, when measured on
subjective measure of stress i.e., Occupational Stress Index. When the
same groups were compared on objective measure i.e., Critical Flicker
Fusion Test, it was found that VDT user group was having significantly
higher stress than the compared group. the interpretation of present
findings may be that employees who have got an opportunity to work on
new technology with new work station, whereas non-users group (control)
could not get such an opportunity and they have revealed their high
subjective stress in OSI. Further, the introduction of computers in
Indian Newspaper Industry is of recent origin and employees who have
got an opportunity to work on new technology feel that the new assigned
work is more challenging, interesting and of high status which in turn
subsidies stress subjectively.
KEYWORDS: Stress, Psychological/PX; Occupational Diseass; Stress/DI; Mental Fatigue; Industry; Human; Male; Female
References: 16
Efficacy of a new inkblot technique in differentiating some clinical and normal groups.
Singh AR; Ahmad H; Shukla TR, Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi-834006
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 77-80
In the present study, 10 new
inkblot cards were administered on different clinical groups and normal
controls. The analysis revealed that the different groups under study
i.e. Schizophrenic, Major depressive disorders and normal subjects were
significantly different on most of the six inkblot variables that were
selected in the index study.
KEYWORDS: Ink Blot Tests/MT; Neurotic Disorders/DI; Depression; Schizophrenia/DI; Human; Male; Adult; Middle Age
References: 10
Effect of training in human resource development on leadership styles and effectiveness.
Mohan V, E-1/98, Sector-14, Chandigarh-160 014
1993 Jan-Jul; 19(1-2): 81-84
The present work spreads over a
period of three years during which a pre-post design of study was used
on a sample of 82 bureaucrats. They were given training in behavioural
inputs for effective functioning and were exposed to human relationship
skills, interpersonal communication, motivation, team building,
transactional analysis, Johari window and effective leadership. They
were tested on entry of the one week training programme (conducted by
the author on LEAD questionnaire). After training was imparted, again
on the last day they were tested on LEAD self instrument. The results
showed that the highest scores were obtained on the participative style
(Style II), and least on the delegatory style (style IV). As a result
of training there was a significant increment in the mean score on
Style IV and reduction on Style III which is highly nurturant. The more
pronounced change was observed in leadership effectiveness.
KEYWORDS: Administrative
Personnel/PX; Interprofessional Relations; Leadership; Training
Support; Human; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Age
References: 9