JIAAP Abstracts 2004

Gender differences in need for power and its psychological correlates
Sonia Kapur and Rajinder Kaur, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amristar
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 1-9

The study was undertaken with a view to investigate gender differences on need for power and its psychological characteristics with its main emphasis on personality characteristics, locus of control, values and psychosomatic symptoms. The sample consisted of 250 male and 250 female college students. The results reveal a significant difference on need for power among make and female students. Males are found to be higher in need for power than females. The correlational analysis indicates that males and female differ significantly on psychological correlates of need for power.

References: 37

Affiliation need amongst externally and internally oriented handicapped children
Rafat Mukhtar, Counsellor, Career Planning Centre, Women’s College, A.M.U. Aligarh.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 10-14

The purpose of the present investigation was to explore need for affiliation amongst externally and internally oriented ‘differentially abled’ children. The samples consisted of 100 orthopedically handicapped children, age ranging between 5-13 years, was randomly selected from the Viklang Kendra, Bhardwaj Ashram, Allahabad. Externals and internals were identified on the basis of scores obtained on the locus of control scale designed by Pal (1983). Whereas need for affiliation was measured by a need scale developed by Aijaz and Kureshi, (1984). T-test was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed a significant difference between externally and internally oriented children on need for affiliation. Results were discussed in the light of appropriate studies.

References: 16

Cognitive differentiation among careers as a function of types of information and tones of their presentation
B. Hasan, Reader, School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. R.S. University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 15-20

The aim of the present study is to examine empirically that whether or not types of occupational information’s and tones of their presentation independently or in interaction with each other are capable of generating variance in cognitive differentiation among careers which has been found to be an important variable in career decision making. Employing a 2x3 factorial design (fixed model) the two types of occupational information viz. (1) Personality (2) Objective and three tones of presentation viz. (i) positive (ii) negative and (in) mixed tones were manipulated in the study. 180-male students of class X within the range of 14-17 years drawn randomly from various schools of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, served as subjects. The subjects who were given personality information in positive tone displayed higher cognitive differentiation than the other groups. The results have been explained in the light of Holland’s theory of career choice (Holland, 1973).

References: 6

Psychological correlates of clothing conformity among adolescents
Usha Kulshreshtha, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, & Radha Kashyap, Head, Department of Garment Production and Export Management, International College for Girls, Jaipur - 20.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 21-27

The present study examines the correlation of age, self-concept and locus of control with clothing conformity. The present study was conducted on sample of 200 adolescent girls covering the age group of 13 to 18 years. The clothing conformity scale, self-concept rating scale and Rotter’s Social Reaction Inventory was administered on them. Results revealed that girls of 13 to 15 years have greater clothing conformity in comparison to girls, of 16 to 18 years. It was also found that girls with negative self-concept and external locus of control express greater clothing conformity.

References: 26

Role of work culture and locus of control in the relationship of perceived stress and health among main agerial personnel
Sandeep Kumar, Lecturer, Lalit Kumar Mishra, Project Fellow and A.P. Singh, Professor, Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 28-35

The major objective of the present study was to examine the effects of internal-external locus of control and various dimensions of work culture in the relationship of perceived stress (both job and life) and health (general health complaints) among managerial personnel employed in Indian.

The findings of this study, highlighted the following facts:

(a) Role conflict negative events (total), responsibility seeking dimension of work culture, present health and locus of control were important predictors of somatic health complaints.

(b) The three dimensions of work culture (namely malleability, participation and obligation towards others), personal negative events and two demographic variables (No. of child and religious beliefs) accounted significant proportion of variance in the prediction of depression.

(c) Locus of control was the only variable, which accounted significant proportion of variance in the prediction of. general health.

Thus, in general these findings clearly indicate that to understand the relationship of stress and health, it becomes imperative to examine the important dimensions of work culture prevailing in the company. Since, work culture serves as sense making, generation of commitment and control

Mechanism that guides and maintains the attitude and behaviour of employees. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that work culture and locus of control mediates the relationship between stress and health of managerial personnel.

References:38

Impact of mode of coping with career stressors on stress and role fulfillment of married career women
Neeraja Telaprolu, Assistant Professor of RCMS, College of Home Science, Angaru, Hyderabad & Rachel George, Dean of Home Science, Ajad Chednra Shekar University of Agriculture and Technology
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 36-50

The present study was conducted on 541 career women managers or professionals, with at least three years of experience to find out the mode of coping employed by them in dealing with career stressor, the extent of stress experienced by them, to measure the perceived level of career and familial role fulfillment of married career women, and to find out the relationship between mode of coping and (a) extent of stress experienced, (b) perceived level of career role fulfillment and (c) perceived level of familial role fulfillment. The results reveal that the study proved the moderating effect of coping mechanism. It buffered the negative aspects of challenges involved in the performance of multiple role responsibilities.

References: 22

The relationship between A and B personality types and job burnout among principals
Ramazan Hassanzadeh, Assistant Professor of Psychology department, Islamic- Azad University, Sari, Manzadaram, Iran, Alireza Khalilian, Associate Professor at Statistics Department, Medical Sciences University, Sari, Iran & Taraneh Enayati, M.A. Manzaadran Education Organisation, Iran.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 51-57

The research investigated the relationship between A & B personality types and job burnout among principals. The aim of this investigation is determination of relationship between personality types, age, sex, type of high school (nonprofit or government) and job burnout among principals of high schools. Five hypotheses were tested. Findings showed that: (i). Job burnout is different between principals with different personality types A &B. (ii). Job burnout is’nt different between female and male principals. (iii). The incidence of personality type A is’nt more in female principals than in men. (iv). Job burnout is different between younger and older principals. (v). Job burnout is different between governmental and nonprofit school principals. It is suggested, on basis of the results achieved, that: Principals with personality type A should be recognized and counseled to modify their behaviors.

References: 33

Discrimination type and sustained attention performance
Indramani L. Singh, Anju Lata Singh & Trayambak Tiwari, Cognitive Science Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 58-62

The present study examined the effects of successive and simultaneous visual discrimination on sustained attention task performance. Thirty male students of the Banaras Hindu University participated, whose age varied from 21 to 23 with the mean age of 22 years. A 2 (successive and simultaneous discrimination task) x 3 (three 15-min time periods) mixed factorial design was used in the present study. All subjects were required to detect a signal (3.5 cm), which was slightly larger line bar than non-signal (3.0 cm). The signals and non-signals were presented in 20 : 80 ratios. There were 30 events per minute. These events were displayed in successive and simultaneous types of discrimination across three 15-minutes time periods. Responses were recorded as hit rates and false alarms for all three time periods in both the successive and simultaneous discrimination.

References: 11

Issues of the small screen : A psychological exploration into the programmes, stereotypes, fantasies and ethical implications
Madhavi Menon & Swasti Shrimali Vohra
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 77-89

This is an exploratory study into the issues related to the Indian small screen or television. An in-depth questionnaire was developed to elicit responses on the programmes and channels viewed, fantasies, and ethical implications of the television media. Picture cards were used as stimuli to gain an insight into the stereotypes and themes subscribed to. The questionnaire was administered on 70 students (male and female, and postgraduates and undergraduates). A qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed significant gender and educational differences in the kinds of programmes and channels watched, and the fantasies (understood from the serial the respondents created). A qualitative analysis also revealed a link between the serials watched and the stereotype themes that emerged in the study No significant difference in opinion regarding the ethical implications was noticed.

References: 9

Efficacy of programme on probabilistic orientation among adolescents
Anuradha, P. Chinmaya, Vidyalaya Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Vadavalli, Coimbatore, Thomas C.V., Research Scholar & Narayanan, S. Prof. & Head, Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 90-96

Students of personality have arrived to identify various personality orientations to understand the phenomena of personality. Fromm (1941), and Jung (1931) have pioneered various approaches to personality and Lefcourt (1982) has conceived personality/ orientation in terms of Locus of control. Narayanan (1979) and Narayan, Venkatapathy, & Gooidarasu (1984) have identified probabilistic orientation as an important personality orientation among Indian population.

References: 9

Impact of intervention package on concept development of children
Anju Manocha, Assistant Scientist, Dept of HDFS, COHS, CCS HAU, Hisar & Darshan Narang, Associate Prof. Dept of H.S., (HD)., Rajasthan University, Jaipur.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 97-105

The study examined the efficacy of intervention package to improve the concept development status of preschoolers. A sample of 120 rural preschool children between 3-5 years was drawn from four villages of Hisar district based on their relatively lower mean score on concept development. The results revealed that at Pretesting stage, the concept development scores of experimental and control group children were statistically nonsignificant revealing similar status of children. After exposure of experimental group children and mothers with the intervention package for four months, the mean scores of experimental group children rose considerably as compared to the control group children depicting the impact of intervention package. To see the relatively permanent impact of package, a follow-up testing was carried out after four months and still experimental group children had higher mean score revealing that they had retained even after the seizure of exposure to the programme. Thus, it can be said that no doubt the concepts improved with age in control group children due to developmental outcomes and certain other factors that were beyond control. But the higher development of concepts in experimental group children ‘may be attributed to their exposure to the intervention package. Higher gains of experimental group at Follow up stage further indicate that the exposure to intervention program had relatively long lasting impact on concept development.

References: 13

WISC-III and MISIC : A comparitive study
Anuja S. Panicker., Research Scholar & Uma Hirisave, Additional Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 106-112

The present study aimed at comparing the performance of children in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC-llIUK is and Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MIS1C), to establish the need for revision of norms and to see the extent of difference between performance in these two tests. The sample consisted of 52 children within three age groups (7-7.11, 8-8.11 and 9-9.11yrs.) The tools used included were Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire, Test of Reading, Writing and Arithmetic, WISC-III and M1SIC. Hie results indicated a significant difference between subtest scores on the WlSC-lll and MISIC.

 
Aggression in Afghan refugees children
Erum Irshad & Maker Bano, Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, N.W.F.P., Pakistan
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 113-120

The main aim of the investigation was to measure aggression among the Afghan refugee children in refugee camps as a result of trauma caused by Afghan war. The study was conducted on one. hundred and fifty school going children, seventy five male and seventy five female with a mean age of 9 years. The emotional indicators for aggression contained 24 items on Human Figure Drawing test (Gilbert, 1980). The result supported the hypothesis showing that psychological effects of war and displacement, affects different levels of functioning including cognitions, affect and behavioural responses. More aggression was found among males than female children.

References: 20

Standardisation of Marathi version of Maudsley personality inventory
Dr. N. H. Deshmukh, Lecturer, Department of Psychology, GVISH, Amravati.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 121-123

The purpose of the study is to develop objective, reliable and valid Marathi version of Maudsley Personality Inventory and norms of the test. Marathi translation was evaluated by language experts. The inventory was tested for validity and reliability on a sample of college students. Hie results established good reliability and validity of the test. MPl was administered to 980 students of Junior College, Undergraduate and postgraduate level, age group 16 to 22 years at Amravati; for the development of norms and interpretation. The manual of directions and norms of Marathi version of Maudsley Personality Inventory would be useful for personality measurement, clinical diagnosis, educational guidance, and selection devices for the Marathi Speaking population.

References: 7

Organizational commitment and organization culture: A study of two hospitals in Assam
M.G. Shannawaz, Lecturer & Nilakhee Hazarika, Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, Jania Millia Islamia, New Delhi.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 124-130

The present study aimed, at assessing organizational commitment in relation to organizational culture in two hospitals of Assam. Out of these two, one is Government owned hospital and the second one is the private and both were mid size hospitals. Sample of the study comprises of 60 doctors, 30 each from each hospital. Organizational culture was measured by OCTAPACE Scale of Pareek (1997) which consists of 40 items having eight dimensions. Organizational commitment was measured by Balaji’s Scale (1997) in which there are 15 items and which gives a composite score on commitment. Obtained data were analyzed with the help oft-test, correlation coefficient and multiple regression techniques. T-test showed no significant difference in terms of eight dimensions of culture and also for organization commitment in two organizations. When compared with Norms, developed by Pareek, all the eight dimensions of culture were found to be average in both the hospitals. Correlation analysis between dimensions of organization culture and organization commitment showed mixed results. Multiple Regression Analysis found dimensions of organizational culture as significant predictors of organizational commitment in both the hospitals and also as a whole.

References: 33

Impact of gender, earning status of the wife and gender role attitude on marital quality as perceived by the spouse
Dr. Subrata Dasgupta, Senior Lecturer, ,Jayanti Basu, Reader & Anindita Chaudhari, Research Scholar, Dept of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 131-143

The focus of the present study was to explore the marital quality of the spouse. More specifically, the present study aimed to explore the effect offender of the partner (male or female), earning status of the wife (working or non working) and gender role attitude (traditional or modern) on marital quality as perceived by the spouse. The study was conducted on 264 Bengali couples (aged 35-50 years). Information schedule, Sex Role Attitude Scale (SRAS), Marital Quality Scale (MQS) and General, Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were administered to the subjects and 2x2 x2 ANOVA were computed to determine the main effect of sex of the partner, earning status of the wife and gender role attitude of the partner and their interaction effect on the overall marital quality (SPOMQ) and 12 dimensions of marital quality (SPMQ1-SPMQ12) as perceived by the spouse. Results revealed that earning status of the wife as well as gender role attitude of the partners played a role in the spousal marital quality.

References: 41

Psychological well-being of orphans
N. Hasnain, Reader Ekta Suri, Research Scholar, and S,H. Khan, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Jamia Univeristy, New Delhi.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 144-148

The study aimed at assessing psychological well-being of orphan and non-orphan males and females. For this a total of 120 subjects, among then 60 orphans and 60 non-orphans, and among each orphan and non-orphan group 30 males and 30 females studying in classes X-XII were taken on availability basis from different orphanages and schools of Delhi. They were administered Verma and Verma ‘s PGI ‘General Well-Being Measure’. ANOVA revealed significantly poorer well-being in orphans than non-orphans. However, non-significant F-ratios for sex and for interaction of parental deprivation and sex were obtained. Both orphan males and females had significantly poorer psychological well-being titan their counterparts. The results were discussed in terms of the importance of emotional warmth and psychological care given by parents in the development of psychological feeling of well-being in children.

References: 15