JIAAP Abstracts 2004
Gender differences in need for power and its psychological correlates
Sonia Kapur and Rajinder Kaur, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amristar
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 1-9
The study was
undertaken with a view to investigate gender differences on need for
power and its psychological characteristics with its main emphasis on
personality characteristics, locus of control, values and psychosomatic
symptoms. The sample consisted of 250 male and 250 female college
students. The results reveal a significant difference on need for power
among make and female students. Males are found to be higher in need
for power than females. The correlational analysis indicates that males
and female differ significantly on psychological correlates of need for
power.
References: 37
Affiliation need amongst externally and internally oriented handicapped children
Rafat Mukhtar, Counsellor, Career Planning Centre, Women’s College, A.M.U. Aligarh.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 10-14
The purpose of
the present investigation was to explore need for affiliation amongst
externally and internally oriented ‘differentially abled’ children. The
samples consisted of 100 orthopedically handicapped children, age
ranging between 5-13 years, was randomly selected from the Viklang
Kendra, Bhardwaj Ashram, Allahabad. Externals and internals were
identified on the basis of scores obtained on the locus of control
scale designed by Pal (1983). Whereas need for affiliation was measured
by a need scale developed by Aijaz and Kureshi, (1984). T-test was used
to analyse the data. The findings revealed a significant difference
between externally and internally oriented children on need for
affiliation. Results were discussed in the light of appropriate studies.
References: 16
Cognitive differentiation among careers as a function of types of information and tones of their presentation
B. Hasan, Reader, School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. R.S. University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 15-20
The aim of the
present study is to examine empirically that whether or not types of
occupational information’s and tones of their presentation
independently or in interaction with each other are capable of
generating variance in cognitive differentiation among careers which
has been found to be an important variable in career decision making.
Employing a 2x3 factorial design (fixed model) the two types of
occupational information viz. (1) Personality (2) Objective and three
tones of presentation viz. (i) positive (ii) negative and (in) mixed
tones were manipulated in the study. 180-male students of class X
within the range of 14-17 years drawn randomly from various schools of
Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, served as subjects. The subjects who were
given personality information in positive tone displayed higher
cognitive differentiation than the other groups. The results have been
explained in the light of Holland’s theory of career choice (Holland,
1973).
References: 6
Psychological correlates of clothing conformity among adolescents
Usha Kulshreshtha, Associate Professor,
Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, & Radha
Kashyap, Head, Department of Garment Production and Export Management,
International College for Girls, Jaipur - 20.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 21-27
The present
study examines the correlation of age, self-concept and locus of
control with clothing conformity. The present study was conducted on
sample of 200 adolescent girls covering the age group of 13 to 18
years. The clothing conformity scale, self-concept rating scale and
Rotter’s Social Reaction Inventory was administered on them. Results
revealed that girls of 13 to 15 years have greater clothing conformity
in comparison to girls, of 16 to 18 years. It was also found that girls
with negative self-concept and external locus of control express
greater clothing conformity.
References: 26
Role of work culture and locus of control in the relationship of perceived stress and health among main agerial personnel
Sandeep Kumar, Lecturer, Lalit Kumar Mishra,
Project Fellow and A.P. Singh, Professor, Department of Psychology,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 28-35
The major
objective of the present study was to examine the effects of
internal-external locus of control and various dimensions of work
culture in the relationship of perceived stress (both job and life) and
health (general health complaints) among managerial personnel employed
in Indian.
The findings of this study, highlighted the following facts:
(a) Role
conflict negative events (total), responsibility seeking dimension of
work culture, present health and locus of control were important
predictors of somatic health complaints.
(b) The three
dimensions of work culture (namely malleability, participation and
obligation towards others), personal negative events and two
demographic variables (No. of child and religious beliefs) accounted
significant proportion of variance in the prediction of depression.
(c) Locus of
control was the only variable, which accounted significant proportion
of variance in the prediction of. general health.
Thus, in general
these findings clearly indicate that to understand the relationship of
stress and health, it becomes imperative to examine the important
dimensions of work culture prevailing in the company. Since, work
culture serves as sense making, generation of commitment and control
Mechanism that
guides and maintains the attitude and behaviour of employees. Based on
the findings of this study, it can be concluded that work culture and
locus of control mediates the relationship between stress and health of
managerial personnel.
References:38
Impact of mode of coping with career stressors on stress and role fulfillment of married career women
Neeraja Telaprolu, Assistant Professor of
RCMS, College of Home Science, Angaru, Hyderabad & Rachel George,
Dean of Home Science, Ajad Chednra Shekar University of Agriculture and
Technology
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 36-50
The present
study was conducted on 541 career women managers or professionals, with
at least three years of experience to find out the mode of coping
employed by them in dealing with career stressor, the extent of stress
experienced by them, to measure the perceived level of career and
familial role fulfillment of married career women, and to find out the
relationship between mode of coping and (a) extent of stress
experienced, (b) perceived level of career role fulfillment and (c)
perceived level of familial role fulfillment. The results reveal that
the study proved the moderating effect of coping mechanism. It buffered
the negative aspects of challenges involved in the performance of
multiple role responsibilities.
References: 22
The relationship between A and B personality types and job burnout among principals
Ramazan Hassanzadeh, Assistant Professor of
Psychology department, Islamic- Azad University, Sari, Manzadaram,
Iran, Alireza Khalilian, Associate Professor at Statistics Department,
Medical Sciences University, Sari, Iran & Taraneh Enayati, M.A.
Manzaadran Education Organisation, Iran.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 51-57
The research
investigated the relationship between A & B personality types and
job burnout among principals. The aim of this investigation is
determination of relationship between personality types, age, sex, type
of high school (nonprofit or government) and job burnout among
principals of high schools. Five hypotheses were tested. Findings
showed that: (i). Job burnout is different between principals with
different personality types A &B. (ii). Job burnout is’nt different
between female and male principals. (iii). The incidence of personality
type A is’nt more in female principals than in men. (iv). Job burnout
is different between younger and older principals. (v). Job burnout is
different between governmental and nonprofit school principals. It is
suggested, on basis of the results achieved, that: Principals with
personality type A should be recognized and counseled to modify their
behaviors.
References: 33
Discrimination type and sustained attention performance
Indramani L. Singh, Anju Lata Singh &
Trayambak Tiwari, Cognitive Science Laboratory, Department of
Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 58-62
The present
study examined the effects of successive and simultaneous visual
discrimination on sustained attention task performance. Thirty male
students of the Banaras Hindu University participated, whose age varied
from 21 to 23 with the mean age of 22 years. A 2 (successive and
simultaneous discrimination task) x 3 (three 15-min time periods) mixed
factorial design was used in the present study. All subjects were
required to detect a signal (3.5 cm), which was slightly larger line
bar than non-signal (3.0 cm). The signals and non-signals were
presented in 20 : 80 ratios. There were 30 events per minute. These
events were displayed in successive and simultaneous types of
discrimination across three 15-minutes time periods. Responses were
recorded as hit rates and false alarms for all three time periods in
both the successive and simultaneous discrimination.
References: 11
Issues of the small screen : A psychological exploration into the programmes, stereotypes, fantasies and ethical implications
Madhavi Menon & Swasti Shrimali Vohra
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 77-89
This is an
exploratory study into the issues related to the Indian small screen or
television. An in-depth questionnaire was developed to elicit responses
on the programmes and channels viewed, fantasies, and ethical
implications of the television media. Picture cards were used as
stimuli to gain an insight into the stereotypes and themes subscribed
to. The questionnaire was administered on 70 students (male and female,
and postgraduates and undergraduates). A qualitative and quantitative
analysis revealed significant gender and educational differences in the
kinds of programmes and channels watched, and the fantasies (understood
from the serial the respondents created). A qualitative analysis also
revealed a link between the serials watched and the stereotype themes
that emerged in the study No significant difference in opinion
regarding the ethical implications was noticed.
References: 9
Efficacy of programme on probabilistic orientation among adolescents
Anuradha, P. Chinmaya, Vidyalaya Matriculation
Higher Secondary School, Vadavalli, Coimbatore, Thomas C.V., Research
Scholar & Narayanan, S. Prof. & Head, Department of Psychology,
Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 90-96
Students of
personality have arrived to identify various personality orientations
to understand the phenomena of personality. Fromm (1941), and Jung
(1931) have pioneered various approaches to personality and Lefcourt
(1982) has conceived personality/ orientation in terms of Locus of
control. Narayanan (1979) and Narayan, Venkatapathy, & Gooidarasu
(1984) have identified probabilistic orientation as an important
personality orientation among Indian population.
References: 9
Impact of intervention package on concept development of children
Anju Manocha, Assistant Scientist, Dept of
HDFS, COHS, CCS HAU, Hisar & Darshan Narang, Associate Prof. Dept
of H.S., (HD)., Rajasthan University, Jaipur.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 97-105
The study
examined the efficacy of intervention package to improve the concept
development status of preschoolers. A sample of 120 rural preschool
children between 3-5 years was drawn from four villages of Hisar
district based on their relatively lower mean score on concept
development. The results revealed that at Pretesting stage, the concept
development scores of experimental and control group children were
statistically nonsignificant revealing similar status of children.
After exposure of experimental group children and mothers with the
intervention package for four months, the mean scores of experimental
group children rose considerably as compared to the control group
children depicting the impact of intervention package. To see the
relatively permanent impact of package, a follow-up testing was carried
out after four months and still experimental group children had higher
mean score revealing that they had retained even after the seizure of
exposure to the programme. Thus, it can be said that no doubt the
concepts improved with age in control group children due to
developmental outcomes and certain other factors that were beyond
control. But the higher development of concepts in experimental group
children ‘may be attributed to their exposure to the intervention
package. Higher gains of experimental group at Follow up stage further
indicate that the exposure to intervention program had relatively long
lasting impact on concept development.
References: 13
WISC-III and MISIC : A comparitive study
Anuja S. Panicker., Research Scholar & Uma
Hirisave, Additional Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology,
NIMHANS, Bangalore.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 106-112
The present
study aimed at comparing the performance of children in the Wechsler
Intelligence Scale for Children WISC-llIUK is and Malin’s Intelligence
Scale for Indian Children (MIS1C), to establish the need for revision
of norms and to see the extent of difference between performance in
these two tests. The sample consisted of 52 children within three age
groups (7-7.11, 8-8.11 and 9-9.11yrs.) The tools used included were
Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire, Test of Reading, Writing and
Arithmetic, WISC-III and M1SIC. Hie results indicated a significant
difference between subtest scores on the WlSC-lll and MISIC.
References: 17
Aggression in Afghan refugees children
Erum Irshad & Maker Bano, Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, N.W.F.P., Pakistan
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 113-120
The main aim of the
investigation was to measure aggression among the Afghan refugee
children in refugee camps as a result of trauma caused by Afghan war.
The study was conducted on one. hundred and fifty school going
children, seventy five male and seventy five female with a mean age of
9 years. The emotional indicators for aggression contained 24 items on
Human Figure Drawing test (Gilbert, 1980). The result supported the
hypothesis showing that psychological effects of war and displacement,
affects different levels of functioning including cognitions, affect
and behavioural responses. More aggression was found among males than
female children.
References: 20
Standardisation of Marathi version of Maudsley personality inventory
Dr. N. H. Deshmukh, Lecturer, Department of Psychology, GVISH, Amravati.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 121-123
The purpose of the study is to
develop objective, reliable and valid Marathi version of Maudsley
Personality Inventory and norms of the test. Marathi translation was
evaluated by language experts. The inventory was tested for validity
and reliability on a sample of college students. Hie results
established good reliability and validity of the test. MPl was
administered to 980 students of Junior College, Undergraduate and
postgraduate level, age group 16 to 22 years at Amravati; for the
development of norms and interpretation. The manual of directions and
norms of Marathi version of Maudsley Personality Inventory would be
useful for personality measurement, clinical diagnosis, educational
guidance, and selection devices for the Marathi Speaking population.
References: 7
Organizational commitment and organization culture: A study of two hospitals in Assam
M.G. Shannawaz, Lecturer & Nilakhee Hazarika, Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, Jania Millia Islamia, New Delhi.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 124-130
The present study aimed, at
assessing organizational commitment in relation to organizational
culture in two hospitals of Assam. Out of these two, one is Government
owned hospital and the second one is the private and both were mid size
hospitals. Sample of the study comprises of 60 doctors, 30 each from
each hospital. Organizational culture was measured by OCTAPACE Scale of
Pareek (1997) which consists of 40 items having eight dimensions.
Organizational commitment was measured by Balaji’s Scale (1997) in
which there are 15 items and which gives a composite score on
commitment. Obtained data were analyzed with the help oft-test,
correlation coefficient and multiple regression techniques. T-test
showed no significant difference in terms of eight dimensions of
culture and also for organization commitment in two organizations. When
compared with Norms, developed by Pareek, all the eight dimensions of
culture were found to be average in both the hospitals. Correlation
analysis between dimensions of organization culture and organization
commitment showed mixed results. Multiple Regression Analysis found
dimensions of organizational culture as significant predictors of
organizational commitment in both the hospitals and also as a whole.
References: 33
Impact of gender, earning status of the wife and gender role attitude on marital quality as perceived by the spouse
Dr. Subrata Dasgupta, Senior Lecturer,
,Jayanti Basu, Reader & Anindita Chaudhari, Research Scholar, Dept
of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 131-143
The focus of the present study
was to explore the marital quality of the spouse. More specifically,
the present study aimed to explore the effect offender of the partner
(male or female), earning status of the wife (working or non working)
and gender role attitude (traditional or modern) on marital quality as
perceived by the spouse. The study was conducted on 264 Bengali couples
(aged 35-50 years). Information schedule, Sex Role Attitude Scale
(SRAS), Marital Quality Scale (MQS) and General, Health Questionnaire
(GHQ-28) were administered to the subjects and 2x2 x2 ANOVA were
computed to determine the main effect of sex of the partner, earning
status of the wife and gender role attitude of the partner and their
interaction effect on the overall marital quality (SPOMQ) and 12
dimensions of marital quality (SPMQ1-SPMQ12) as perceived by the
spouse. Results revealed that earning status of the wife as well as
gender role attitude of the partners played a role in the spousal
marital quality.
References: 41
Psychological well-being of orphans
N. Hasnain, Reader Ekta Suri, Research
Scholar, and S,H. Khan, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology,
Jamia Univeristy, New Delhi.
2004 Jan-Jul; 30(1-2): 144-148
The study aimed at assessing
psychological well-being of orphan and non-orphan males and females.
For this a total of 120 subjects, among then 60 orphans and 60
non-orphans, and among each orphan and non-orphan group 30 males and 30
females studying in classes X-XII were taken on availability basis from
different orphanages and schools of Delhi. They were administered Verma
and Verma ‘s PGI ‘General Well-Being Measure’. ANOVA revealed
significantly poorer well-being in orphans than non-orphans. However,
non-significant F-ratios for sex and for interaction of parental
deprivation and sex were obtained. Both orphan males and females had
significantly poorer psychological well-being titan their counterparts.
The results were discussed in terms of the importance of emotional
warmth and psychological care given by parents in the development of
psychological feeling of well-being in children.
References: 15